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Melatonin, a calpain inhibitor in the central nervous system: Current status and future perspectives
Author(s) -
Tamtaji Omid Reza,
Mirhosseini Naghmeh,
Reiter Russel J.,
Azami Abolfazl,
Asemi Zatollah
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.27084
Subject(s) - melatonin , current (fluid) , calpain , central nervous system , neuroscience , biology , physics , biochemistry , enzyme , thermodynamics
Dysregulation of neuronal Ca 2+ and oxidative stress plays an important role in the activation of cysteine proteases including calpains and caspases that contribute to neuronal death. In neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neuropathic pain calpain activities are markedly increased. Melatonin is a beneficial supplement in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and works as a free‐radical scavenger to regulate a large number of molecular pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell death under different pathological conditions. However, limited studies have evaluated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on calpains. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to the effects of melatonin on calpains in some of the common CNS disorders.