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Lipoprotein(a): A missing culprit in the management of athero‐thrombosis?
Author(s) -
Ferretti Gianna,
Bacchetti Tiziana,
Johnston Thomas P.,
Banach Maciej,
Pirro Matteo,
Sahebkar Amirhossein
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.26050
Subject(s) - lipoprotein(a) , apolipoprotein b , lipoprotein , culprit , thrombosis , medicine , cholesterol , myocardial infarction
Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a cholesterol‐rich, LDL‐like particle that is independently associated with an increased risk for ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. Genetic variation in the Lp(a) locus and some other genes related to Lp(a) synthesis and metabolism play a critical role in regulating plasma Lp(a) levels. The pathophysiological potential of Lp(a) is related to proatherogenic and prothrombotic effects on the vasculature. Different molecular mechanisms underlying the atherothrombotic potential of Lp(a), free apolipoprotein(a), and oxidized‐Lp(a) have been proposed. However, plasma Lp(a) assay is complicated by problems associated with quantification and standardization owing to the polymorphic nature of this lipoprotein. This review has focused on the physicochemical properties of Lp(a), the genetic aspects of Lp(a), the need for accurate determination of Lp(a), the synthesis, and recent findings on metabolism of Lp(a). Lastly, the patho‐physiological mechanisms by which Lp(a) may increase athero‐thrombosis and an overview on the therapeutic modalities to interfere with Lp(a) are summarized.