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Anti‐CRISPR proteins: Counterattack of phages on bacterial defense (CRISPR/Cas) system
Author(s) -
Bhushan Kul,
Chattopadhyay Anirudha,
Pratap Dharmendra
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.25877
Subject(s) - crispr , biology , mobile genetic elements , counterattack , bacteria , genome , rna , computational biology , genetics , gene , political science , law
Since the dawn of life there is a never ending strife between bacteria and phages. Both are perpetually changing their strategies to take over each other. CRISPR/Cas is the most widespread defense system used by bacteria against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages, cojugative palsmids, transoposons, and pathogenicity islands. This system utilizes small guide RNA molecules to protect against phages infection and invasion by MGEs. Phages circumvent to these antiviral barriers by point mutation in PAM (protospacer‐adjacent motif) sequence, genome rearrangements and by using anti‐CRISPR proteins.