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Emerging Roles of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy
Author(s) -
Wheeler Sarah E.,
Lee Nam Y.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.25506
Subject(s) - transforming growth factor , pathogenesis , diabetic retinopathy , context (archaeology) , diabetes mellitus , growth factor , medicine , signal transduction , disease , risk factor , downregulation and upregulation , bioinformatics , endocrinology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , genetics , receptor , paleontology
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus affecting about one third of diabetic adults. Despite its prevalence, treatment options are limited and often implemented only in the later stages of the disease. To date, the pathogenesis of DR has been extensively characterized in the context of elevated glucose, insulin, and VEGF signaling, although a growing number of other growth factors and molecules, including transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) are being recognized as important contributors and/or therapeutic targets. Here, we review the complex roles of TGF‐β signaling in DR pathogenesis and progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 486–489, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.