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Para‐cresyl sulfate acutely impairs vascular reactivity and induces vascular remodeling
Author(s) -
Gross Priscilla,
Massy Ziad A.,
Henaut Lucie,
Boudot Cédric,
Cagnard Joanna,
March Cécilia,
Kamel Saïd,
Drueke Tilman B.,
Six Isabelle
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.25018
Subject(s) - vascular smooth muscle , medicine , oxidative stress , endocrinology , vascular disease , kidney disease , aorta , vasodilation , phenylephrine , cardiology , blood pressure , smooth muscle
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by vascular remodeling and the retention of uremic toxins, several of which are independently associated with the high cardiovascular mortality rate in CKD patients. Whether the association between these uremic toxins and cardiovascular mortality is due to induction of vascular dysfunction and resulting vascular remodeling remains to be determined. This study evaluates the effects of para‐cresyl sulfate (PCS), a newly identified uremic toxin, on vascular function and remodeling. PCS acutely induced oxidative stress in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, with a maximal effect at 0.15 mM, corresponding to the mean “uremic” concentration found in dialysis patients. PCS significantly increased within 30 min phenylephrine‐induced contraction of mouse thoracic aorta, through direct activation of rho‐kinase, independently of oxidative stress induction, as demonstrated by the capacity of rho‐kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 to abolish this effect. After exposure of the aorta to PCS for 48 h, we observed inward eutrophic remodeling, a hallmark of uremic vasculopathy characterized by a reduction of the area of both lumen and media, with unchanged media/lumen ratio. In conclusion, elevated PCS concentrations such as those observed in CKD patients, by promoting both vascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling, may contribute to the development of hypertension and to cardiovascular mortality in CKD. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2927–2935, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.