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Inflammation‐Induced Downregulation of Butyrate Uptake and Oxidation Is Not Caused by a Reduced Gene Expression
Author(s) -
Boesmans Leen,
Ramakers Meine,
Arijs Ingrid,
Windey Karen,
Vanhove Wiebe,
Schuit Frans,
Rutgeerts Paul,
Verbeke Kristin,
De Preter Vicky
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.24725
Subject(s) - butyrate , inflammation , downregulation and upregulation , metabolism , gene expression , chemistry , incubation , tumor necrosis factor alpha , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , endocrinology , immunology , gene , fermentation
In ulcerative colitis (UC) the butyrate metabolism is impaired, leading to energy‐deficiency in the colonic cells. The effect of inflammation on the butyrate metabolism was investigated. HT‐29 cells were incubated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ) for 1 and 24 h. Cells were additionally stimulated with butyrate to investigate its anti‐inflammatory potential. Butyrate uptake and oxidation were measured using 14 C‐labeled butyrate. Gene expression of the butyrate metabolism enzymes, interleukin 8 ( IL‐8 ; inflammatory marker) and villin‐1 ( VIL‐1 ; epithelial cell damage marker) was measured via quantitative RT‐PCR. Significantly increased IL‐8 expression and decreased VIL‐1 expression after 24 h incubation with TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ confirmed the presence of inflammation. These conditions induced a decrease of both butyrate uptake and oxidation, whereas the gene expression was not reduced. Simultaneous incubation with butyrate counteracted the reduced butyrate oxidation. In contrast, 1 h incubation with TNF‐α induced a significant increased IL‐8 expression and decreased butyrate uptake. Incubation with TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ for 1 h did not induce cell damage nor influence butyrate oxidation. The inflammation‐induced downregulation of the butyrate metabolism was not caused by a reduced gene expression, but appeared consequential to a decreased butyrate uptake. Increasing the luminal butyrate levels might have therapeutic potential in UC. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 418–426, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.