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Cysteine‐rich protein 1 is regulated by transforming growth factor‐β1 and expressed in lung fibrosis
Author(s) -
Järvinen Päivi M.,
Myllärniemi Marjukka,
Liu Hester,
Moore Henna M.,
Leppäranta Outi,
Salmenkivi Kaisa,
Koli Katri,
Latonen Leena,
Band Arja M.,
Laiho Marikki
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.23000
Subject(s) - transforming growth factor , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer research , mapk/erk pathway , biology , smad , pulmonary fibrosis , gene silencing , fibrosis , signal transduction , chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , gene
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a diverse cytokine regulating growth, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, invasion, and extracellular matrix production. Dysregulation of TGF‐β is associated with fibrotic disorders and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and has been linked with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cysteine‐rich protein 1 (CRP1) is a small LIM‐domain containing protein involved in smooth muscle differentiation. Here, we show that TGF‐β1 increases the expression of CRP1 protein and that CRP1 levels increase in a biphasic fashion. A rapid transient (15–45 min) increase in CRP1 is followed by a subsequent, sustained increase in CRP1 a few hours afterwards that lasts several days. We find that TGF‐β1 regulates the expression of CRP1 through Smad and non‐conventional p38 MAPK signaling pathways in a transcription‐independent manner and that the induction occurs concomitant with an increase in myofibroblast differentiation. Using CRP1 silencing by shRNA, we identify CRP1 as a novel factor mediating cell contractility. Furthermore, we localize CRP1 to fibroblastic foci in IPF lungs and find that CRP1 is significantly more expressed in IPF as compared to control lung tissue. The results show that CRP1 is a novel TGF‐β1 regulated protein that is expressed in fibrotic lesions and may be relevant in the IPF disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2605–2612, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.