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Shear flow‐induced formation of tubular cell protrusions in multiple myeloma cells
Author(s) -
Porat Ziv,
Yaron Itamar,
Katz BenZion,
Kam Zvi,
Geiger Benjamin
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.22680
Subject(s) - extracellular matrix , microbiology and biotechnology , endoplasmic reticulum , motility , cell migration , organelle , population , cell , chemistry , actin , biophysics , biology , biochemistry , demography , sociology
Abstract Exposure of live cells to shear flow induces major changes in cell shape, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and migration. In the present study, we show that exposure of cultured multiple myeloma (MM) cells to shear flow of 4–36 dynes/cm 2 triggers the extension of long tubular protrusions (denoted flow‐induced protrusions, or FLIPs) in the direction of the flow. These FLIPs were found to be rich in actin, contain few or no microtubules and, apart from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐like membranal structures, are devoid of organelles. Studying the dynamics of this process revealed that FLIPs elongate at their tips in a shear force‐dependent manner, and retract at their bases. Examination of this force dependence revealed considerable heterogeneity in the mechanosensitivity of individual cells, most likely reflecting the diversity of the malignant B cell population. The mechanisms underlying FLIP formation following mechanical perturbation, and their relevance to the cellular trafficking of MM cells, are discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3197–3207, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.