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Divergent molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic functions of macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 in cancer
Author(s) -
Mimeault Murielle,
Batra Surinder K.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.22196
Subject(s) - cancer , biology , cytokine , cancer research , carcinogenesis , macrophage migration inhibitory factor , prostate cancer , immunology , signal transduction , inflammation , pancreatic cancer , tumor progression , melanoma , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics
Multifunctional macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1, MIC‐1, is a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily that plays key roles in the prenatal development and regulation of the cellular responses to stress signals and inflammation and tissue repair after acute injuries in adult life. The stringent control of the MIC‐1 expression, secretion, and functions involves complex regulatory mechanisms and the interplay of other growth factor signaling networks that control the cell behavior. The deregulation of MIC‐1 expression and signaling pathways has been associated with diverse human diseases and cancer progression. The MIC‐1 expression levels substantially increase in cancer cells, serum, and/or cerebrospinal fluid during the progression of diverse human aggressive cancers, such as intracranial brain tumors, melanoma, and lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, and breast epithelial cancers. Of clinical interest, an enhanced MIC‐1 expression has been positively correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival. Secreted MIC‐1 cytokine, like the TGF‐β prototypic member of the superfamily, may provide pleiotropic roles in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. In particular, MIC‐1 may contribute to the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastases, and treatment resistance of cancer cells as well as tumor‐induced anorexia and weight loss in the late stages of cancer. Thus, secreted MIC‐1 cytokine constitutes a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target of great clinical interest for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods and/or cancer treatment against numerous metastatic, recurrent, and lethal cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 626–635, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.