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Impaired cell cycle regulation of the osteoblast‐related heterodimeric transcription factor Runx2‐Cbfβ in osteosarcoma cells
Author(s) -
San Martin Inga A.,
Varela Nelson,
Gaete Marcia,
Villegas Karina,
Osorio Mariana,
Tapia Julio C.,
Antonelli Marcelo,
Mancilla Edna E.,
Pereira Barry P.,
Nathan Saminathan S.,
Lian Jane B.,
Stein Janet L.,
Stein Gary S.,
van Wijnen Andre J.,
Galindo Mario
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.21894
Subject(s) - cell cycle , runx2 , osteosarcoma , osteoblast , nocodazole , microbiology and biotechnology , cell growth , transcription factor , biology , chemistry , cell , cancer research , gene , biochemistry , cytoskeleton , in vitro
Bone formation and osteoblast differentiation require the functional expression of the Runx2/Cbfβ heterodimeric transcription factor complex. Runx2 is also a suppressor of proliferation in osteoblasts by attenuating cell cycle progression in G 1 . Runx2 levels are modulated during the cell cycle, which are maximal in G 1 and minimal beyond the G 1 /S phase transition (S, G 2 , and M phases). It is not known whether Cbfβ gene expression is cell cycle controlled in preosteoblasts nor how Runx2 or Cbfβ are regulated during the cell cycle in bone cancer cells. We investigated Runx2 and Cbfβ gene expression during cell cycle progression in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts, as well as ROS17/2.8 and SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cells. Runx2 protein levels are reduced as expected in MC3T3‐E1 cells arrested in late G 1 (by mimosine) or M phase (by nocodazole), but not in cell cycle arrested osteosarcoma cells. Cbfβ protein levels are cell cycle independent in both osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells. In synchronized MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts progressing from late G1 or mitosis, Runx2 levels but not Cbfβ levels are cell cycle regulated. However, both factors are constitutively elevated throughout the cell cycle in osteosarcoma cells. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 stabilizes Runx2 protein levels in late G 1 and S in MC3T3‐E1 cells, but not in ROS17/2.8 and SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cells. Thus, proteasomal degradation of Runx2 is deregulated in osteosarcoma cells. We propose that cell cycle control of Runx2 gene expression is impaired in osteosarcomas and that this deregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 560–571, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.