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Effects of OPA1 mutations on mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis: Relevance to ADOA pathogenesis
Author(s) -
Olichon Aurélien,
Landes Thomas,
ArnaunéPelloquin Laetitia,
Emorine Laurent J.,
Mils Valérie,
Guichet Agnès,
Delettre Cécile,
Hamel Christian,
AmatiBonneau Patrizia,
Bonneau Dominique,
Reynier Pascal,
Lenaers Guy,
Belenguer Pascale
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.20950
Subject(s) - mitochondrial fusion , biology , mitochondrial fission , transfection , microbiology and biotechnology , apoptosis , gtpase , mitochondrion , wild type , mutant , mitochondrial dna , genetics , cell culture , gene
To characterize the molecular links between type‐1 autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and OPA1 dysfunctions, the effects of pathogenic alleles of this dynamin on mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis were analyzed, either in fibroblasts from affected individuals, or in HeLa cells transfected with similar mutants. The alleles were missense substitutions in the GTPase domain (OPA1 G300E and OPA1 R290Q ) or deletion of the GTPase effector domain (OPA1 Δ58 ). Fragmentation of mitochondria and apoptosis increased in OPA1 R290Q fibroblasts and in OPA1 G300E transfected HeLa cells. OPA1 Δ58 did not influence mitochondrial morphology, but increased the sensitivity to staurosporine of fibroblasts. In these cells, the amount of OPA1 protein was half of that in control fibroblasts. We conclude that GTPase mutants exert a dominant negative effect by competing with wild‐type alleles to integrate into fusion‐competent complexes, whereas C‐terminal truncated alleles act by haplo‐insufficiency. We present a model where antagonistic fusion and fission forces maintain the mitochondrial network, within morphological limits that are compatible with cellular functions. In the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of patients suffering from type‐1 ADOA, OPA1‐driven fusion cannot adequately oppose fission, thereby rendering them more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli and eventually leading to optic nerve degeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 423–430, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.