Male germ cell specific sulfogalactoglycerolipid is recognized and degraded by mycoplasmas associated with male infertility

Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the major mammalian male germ cell glycolipid and has been implicated in sperm/egg binding. Mycoplasma pulmonis , a species of Mollicutes, is associated with male infertility in rodents. Purified SGG incubated in the presence of M. pulmonis was enzymatically degraded by both desulfation and deacylation. Desulfation occurred primarily at alkaline pH, and deacylation also increased with increased pH, indicating that these represent novel enzymatic activities. Digestion was facilitated, but not dependent on, the presence of detergent. Rat spermatozoa exposed to M. pulmonis showed a reduction in SGG content which was particularly marked for cauda (mature) spermatozoa. With the aid of tic overlay binding procedure, intact M. pulmonis were found to bind specifically to sulfated glycolipids and thus SGG may provide the cell membrane receptor for this organism. The topology of mycoplasma binding to rat sperm was consistent with the known topology of sperm SGG. The reduced binding (and subsequent digestion) of caput spermatozoan SGG correlates with the membrane colocalization of SGG and its endogenous binding protein at this stage. Separation of SGG and its binding protein during epididymal sperm maturation appears to facilitate M. pulmonis binding to and digestion of cauda sperm SGG. The binding and degradation of the sperm SGG by M. pulmonis may play a role in the induction of infertility which follows infection with these organisms by interfering in sperm/egg receptor recognition.