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Measurements of contraction latencies to mechanical and electrical stimulation of the protozoan, Spirostomum ambiguum
Author(s) -
Hamilton Thomas C.,
Osborn Dustan
Publication year - 1977
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.1040910310
Subject(s) - stimulation , contraction (grammar) , stimulus (psychology) , muscle contraction , chemistry , calcium , neuroscience , biophysics , anatomy , psychology , medicine , biology , organic chemistry , psychotherapist
Measurements made on contraction latencies in Spirostomum suggest that mechanical stimulation causes contractions to be initiated by the release of small amounts of calcium from a store tightly coupled to the contractile apparatus. Contraction to electrical stimulation appears to result from the gross electrophoretic mobilization of large amounts of calcium from a loosely coupled store. Contraction latencies to mechanical stimulation were three milliseconds and were independent of stimulus strength, previous stimulation, and contraction probability. For 0.5‐millisecond biphasic electrical stimulation the contraction latencies varied widely. Latencies to initial contractions were dependent on stimulus strength: from 1.0 milliseconds for a stimulus that caused a 100% probability of contraction to 2.0 milliseconds for a stimulus that caused a 10% probability of contraction. Latencies of contraction to electrical stimulation were also dependent upon previous stimulation, lengthening to over 300 milliseconds after ten minutes of stimulation. Initial contraction latencies were not affected by previous stimulation to the other (electrical or mechanical) stimulus modality. Repeated electrical stimulation also reduced the animal's resting length and slowed the rate of post contraction re‐extension, whereas mechanical stimulation did not have these effects.