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Risk and protective family factors during childhood on youth violence among African American males: The role of mothers and nonresident fathers
Author(s) -
Tsuchiya Kazumi,
Lee Daniel B.,
Qian Yiqing,
Caldwell Cleopatra H.,
Mincy Ronald B.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of community psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.585
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1520-6629
pISSN - 0090-4392
DOI - 10.1002/jcop.22346
Subject(s) - social connectedness , psychology , fragile families and child wellbeing study , african american , developmental psychology , psychological intervention , depression (economics) , longitudinal study , clinical psychology , medicine , social psychology , psychiatry , ethnology , macroeconomics , pathology , economics , history
African American male youth experience disproportionately higher levels of violence. We examined parental depression among African American mothers and nonresident fathers on parenting stress and school involvement in their adolescent sons' school connectedness and violent behaviors. Using a longitudinal study design, parent factors were assessed when sons were 9 years old on youth outcomes at age 15. We found that maternal depression was associated with maternal stress, and maternal stress was indirectly associated with sons' violent behaviors through school connectedness. School involvement among nonresident fathers was positively associated with sons' school connectedness, which was linked to less youth violent behaviors. Maternal stress and nonresident fathers' school involvement are influential for understanding youth violence. Future interventions should incorporate a more nuanced approach when including family factors.