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Key Constructs in “Classical” and “New Wave” Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies: Relationships Among Each Other and With Emotional Distress
Author(s) -
Cristea Ioana A.,
Montgomery Guy H.,
Szamoskozi Ştefan,
David Daniel
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.124
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1097-4679
pISSN - 0021-9762
DOI - 10.1002/jclp.21976
Subject(s) - experiential avoidance , psychology , dysfunctional family , cognition , distress , cognitive therapy , cognitive restructuring , mediation , schema (genetic algorithms) , clinical psychology , anxiety , experiential learning , psychotherapist , acceptance and commitment therapy , generalized anxiety disorder , psychiatry , intervention (counseling) , mathematics education , machine learning , political science , computer science , law
Objective We aimed to relate key constructs from three forms of cognitive behavioral therapy that are often placed in competition: rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. The key constructs of the underlying theories (i.e., irrational beliefs/unconditional self‐acceptance, dysfunctional cognitions, experiential avoidance/psychological inflexibility) of these therapies have not been explicitly studied in their relationships to each other and with emotional distress. Method We used a cross‐sectional design. The variables were selected to indicate key constructs of the three major forms of therapy considered. Study 1 used a sample of 152 students, who were assessed during a stressful period of their semester (mean age = 21.71; 118 females), while Study 2 used a clinical sample of 28 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (mean age = 26.67; 26 females). Results Results showed that these constructs, central in the therapies considered, had medium to high associations to each other and to distress. Experiential avoidance was found to mediate the relationship between the other, schema‐type cognitive constructs and emotional distress. Moreover, multiple mediation analysis in Study 2 seemed to indicate that the influence of the more general constructs on distress was mediated by experiential avoidance, whose effect seemed to be carried on further by automatic thoughts that were the most proximal to distress. Conclusions Although each of the cognitive constructs considered comes with its underlying theory, the relationships between them can no longer be ignored and cognitive behavioral therapy theoretical models reliably accounting for these relationships should be proposed and tested.