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Family Influences on Mania‐Relevant Cognitions and Beliefs: A Cognitive Model of Mania and Reward
Author(s) -
Chen Stephen H.,
Johnson Sheri L.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.124
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1097-4679
pISSN - 0021-9762
DOI - 10.1002/jclp.21862
Subject(s) - mania , psychology , cognition , bipolar disorder , structural equation modeling , developmental psychology , clinical psychology , psychiatry , statistics , mathematics
Objective The present study proposed and tested a cognitive model of mania and reward. Method Undergraduates (N = 284; 68.4% female; mean age = 20.99 years, standard deviation ± 3.37) completed measures of family goal setting and achievement values, personal reward‐related beliefs, cognitive symptoms of mania, and risk for mania. Results Correlational analyses and structural equation modeling supported two distinct, but related facets of mania‐relevant cognition: stably present reward‐related beliefs and state‐dependent cognitive symptoms in response to success and positive emotion. Results also indicated that family emphasis on achievement and highly ambitious extrinsic goals were associated with these mania‐relevant cognitions. Finally, controlling for other factors, cognitive symptoms in response to success and positive emotion were uniquely associated with lifetime propensity towards mania symptoms. Conclusions Results support the merit of distinguishing between facets of mania‐relevant cognition and the importance of the family in shaping both aspects of cognition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:829‐842, 2012.