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Meta‐analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES‐D, Hamilton, and Zung
Author(s) -
Shafer Alan B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.124
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1097-4679
pISSN - 0021-9762
DOI - 10.1002/jclp.20213
Subject(s) - psychology , depression (economics) , beck depression inventory , hamilton rating scale for depression , rating scale , clinical psychology , hamilton depression scale , psychometrics , psychiatry , developmental psychology , anxiety , hamd , major depressive disorder , mood , economics , macroeconomics
Four separate metaanalyses of factor analyses were conducted for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The total number of participants ( N ) and studies ( k ) included in each of the metaanalyses were the following: BDI ( N = 13,643, k = 33), CES‐D ( N = 22,340, k = 28), HRSD ( N = 2,606, k = 17), and SDS ( N = 12,621, k = 13). Metaanalysis results suggest that the specific depression symptom factors within each test appear to be relatively robust and well established and match fairly closely previously hypothesized factor structures. A general Depression Severity factor and a small Somatic Symptoms factor are found in all four tests and two tests had a small Positive Affect factor. There were fewer common specific depression symptom factors across tests than expected. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.