Open AccessDynamic observation of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies in the development of population immunity through COVID‐19 vaccination
Author(s) -
Jiang Ruiwei,
Dou Xiaowen,
Li Min,
Wang Enyun,
Hu Jiwen,
Xiong Dan,
Zhang Xiuming
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1098-2825
pISSN - 0887-8013
DOI - 10.1002/jcla.24325
Subject(s) - vaccination , medicine , serology , immunology , antibody , virology , immunity , population , booster dose , titer , immunoassay , immune system , neutralizing antibody , environmental health
Background Currently, mass vaccine inoculation against coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been being implemented globally. Rapid and the large‐scale detection of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) laid a foundation for assessing the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccine. Additional assessments include the duration of antibodies and the optimal time for a heightened immune response. Methods The performance of five surrogate NAbs—three chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)—and specific IgM and IgG assays were compared using COVID‐19‐vaccinated serum ( n = 164). Conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT) was used as a criterion and the diagnostic agreement and correlation of the five assays were evaluated. We studied the antibody responses after the two‐dose vaccine in volunteers up to 6 months. Results The sensitivity and specificity of five surrogate NAb assays ranged from 84% to 100%. Our cVNT results indicated great consistency with the surrogate assays. At 28 days after primary vaccination, the seropositivities of the NAbs, IgG, and IgM were 6%, 4%, and 13%, respectively. After the booster dose, seropositivities reached 14%, 65%, and 97%, respectively. Six months after receipt of the second dose, the NAb positive rate was eventually maintained at 66%. In all COVID‐19 convalescents, patients were detected with 100% NAb sat three months after discharge. Conclusion COVID‐19 vaccine induced a humoral immune response lasting at least six months. Rapid serological detection was used as a proxy for identifying changes in immunity levels and as a guide to whether an individual may require a booster vaccination.