Down‐regulated IL36RN expression based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma of periodontitis patients and its clinical significance

Background The role of IL‐36 receptor antagonist (IL36RN), a mutated gene expression of IL‐36 in periodontitis patients with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma remains to be undetermined. Materials and methods Our study discovered the IL36RN expression through GEO public databases and further validated by PBMC and plasma of periodontitis patients and healthy participants. A total of 194 participants of public datasets, consisting of 97 cases of periodontitis and 97 cases of healthy control were retrospectively evaluated and explored the gene enrichment pathways and clinical significance of IL36RN expression accompanied by three different cytokines. Furthermore, the clinical significance of IL36RN was evaluated in mild‐to‐severe patients of periodontitis by the receiver operating curve (ROC) using the area under the curve (AUC). Results IL36RN expressions were notably down‐regulated in PBMC and plasma of periodontitis patients. Further, a positive correlation of IL36RN expression was significantly observed between PBMC and plasma of periodontitis patients while IL36RN expression was negatively correlated to serum‐based three different cytokines of periodontitis patients. Meanwhile, the ROC‐AUCs achieved a significantly higher range from 0.80 to 0.87 with PBMC of mild‐to‐severe and moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis patients whereas similar patients with plasma obtained a significant AUC range from 0.73 to 0.83. Conclusion IL36RN can distinctively be detectable in periodontitis patients with PBMC and plasma, which can act as a down‐regulated mutated gene that might play an effective role in causing periodontitis. IL36RN may involve by other inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.