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Fish Oil Recovery from Viscera of Indian Mackerel ( Rastrelliger kanagurta ) by Supercritical Fluid: An Optimization Approach
Author(s) -
Ferdosh Sahena,
Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam,
Abd Rahman Nik Norulaini Nik,
Selamat Jinap,
Karim Md. Rezaul,
Razak Tariq Abdul,
Abd Kadir Mohd Omar
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of the chinese chemical society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.329
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 2192-6549
pISSN - 0009-4536
DOI - 10.1002/jccs.201100235
Subject(s) - supercritical fluid , response surface methodology , fish processing , fish oil , central composite design , chemistry , fish <actinopterygii> , pulp and paper industry , supercritical fluid extraction , extraction (chemistry) , chromatography , environmental science , fishery , biology , engineering , organic chemistry
Fish viscera, a waste of fish processing industry, can be exploited as a source of PUFA‐rich fish oil for use in food or pharmaceutical industry and at the same time the environment can be protected from pollution by fish wastes. Fish oil was recovered from viscera of Indian Mackerel ( Rastrelliger kanagurta ), by different supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) e.g. continuous, co‐solvent, soaking, and pressure swing techniques and the yields were compared with that of the solvent extraction method. The SFE parameters such as pressure, temperature, and CO 2 flow rate were optimised by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a view to maximize the oil yield and minimize CO 2 consumption. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) consisting of three variables provided 20 experimental settings. Multiple regressions determined the coefficients of the second‐order polynomial equation. The optimum parameters for all 4 techniques applied were found to be 35 MPa, 60 °C, and 2 mL min −1 with an Oil recovery ranging from 93 to 99%. The study demonstrated a lower CO 2 consumption by the soaking and pressure swing techniques at the optimized conditions. Thus, the soaking and pressure swing techniques were most effective for extracting oil from fish viscera.