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Selectivity in the Phase Transfer Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene by Transition VIII Metals
Author(s) -
Juang TzouhMiin,
Hwang JengChai,
Ho HsiuO,
Chen ChauYang
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
journal of the chinese chemical society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.329
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 2192-6549
pISSN - 0009-4536
DOI - 10.1002/jccs.198800019
Subject(s) - chemistry , nitrobenzene , catalysis , aniline , selectivity , inorganic chemistry , transfer hydrogenation , sulfuric acid , yield (engineering) , transition metal , hydrogen , metal , phase (matter) , photochemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , materials science , ruthenium
The phase transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p‐aminophenol has been investigated for the catalysts Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru. The influence of factors such as surfactant concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, hydrogen pressure and temperature on the reaction was determined. It was found that the rate‐determining step for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is the catalytic process by which the hydrogen atom is absorbed on the metal surface. A reaction model is suggested which accounts for the observed hydrogenation selectivity and explains how these factors affect product composition and yield. It is shown that Pt favors p‐aminophenol production, while Pd favors aniline production.