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Linear polarizabilities and second hyperpolarizabilities of streptocyanines: Results from broken‐Symmetry DFT and new CCSD(T) benchmarks
Author(s) -
Xu Lihua,
Kumar Anshuman,
Wong Bryan M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of computational chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.907
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1096-987X
pISSN - 0192-8651
DOI - 10.1002/jcc.25519
Subject(s) - hyperpolarizability , polarizability , symmetry (geometry) , open shell , work (physics) , nonlinear optical , nonlinear system , computational chemistry , chemistry , physics , statistical physics , quantum mechanics , mathematics , molecule , geometry
We present a detailed analysis of the linear polarizability ( α ) and second hyperpolarizability ( γ ) in a series of streptocyanines, as predicted with various range‐separated functionals and CCSD(T)‐based methods. Contrary to previous work on these systems, we find that the lowest‐energy electronic states for the larger streptocyanine oligomers are not closed‐shell singlets, and improved accuracy can be obtained with certain DFT methods by allowing the system to relax to a lower‐energy broken‐symmetry solution. Our extensive analyses are complemented by new large‐scale CCSD(T) and explicitly correlated CCSD(T)‐F12 calculations that comprise the most complete and accurate benchmarks of α and γ for the streptocyanine systems to date. Taken together, our CCSD(T) and broken‐symmetry DFT calculations (1) show that the MP2 benchmarks used in previous studies still exhibit significant errors (~ 25% for α and ~100% for γ ) and, therefore, the MP2 calculations should not be used as reliable benchmarks for polarizabilities or hyperpolarizabilities, and (2) emphasize the importance of testing for a lower‐energy open‐shell configuration when calculating nonlinear optical properties for these systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.