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Human gingival derived neuronal cells in the optimized caffeic acid hydrogel for hemitransection spinal cord injury model
Author(s) -
Subbarayan Rajasekaran,
Barathidasan Rajamani,
Raja Selvaraj T. K.,
Arumugam Gnanamani,
Kuruvilla Sarah,
Shanthi Palanivelu,
Ranga Rao Suresh
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.29452
Subject(s) - neun , spinal cord injury , glial scar , axon , spinal cord , pathology , microglia , chemistry , biology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , neuroscience , inflammation , immunohistochemistry
Spinal cord injury induces scar formation causes axonal damage that leads to the degeneration of axonal function. Still, there is no robust conceptual design to regenerate the damaged axon after spinal injury. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that human gingival derived neuronal stem cells (GNSCs) transplants in the injectable caffeic acid bioconjugated hydrogel (CBGH) helps to bridge the cavity and promote the engraftment and repopulation of transplants in the injured spinal tissue. Our study reports that the bioluminescence imaging in vivo imaging system (IVIS) provides a satisfactory progression in CBGH‐GNSCs transplants compare to lesion control and CBGH alone. Immune regulators interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α, neutrophil elastase are decreased, IL‐10 is increased. Likewise, immunostaining (TAU/TUJ‐1, SOX‐2/NeuN, MAP‐2/PSD93, NSE, S100b, and GFAP) shown repopulated cells. Also, TRA‐1‐81 expression confirms the absence of immune rejection in the CBGH‐GNSCs transplants. However, locomotor recovery test, gene (IL‐6, CASPASE3, p14‐ARF, VEGF, LCAM, BDNF, NT3, NGN2, TrKc, FGF2, Sox‐2, TUJ‐1, MAP‐2, Nestin, and NeuN) and protein expression (TAU, TUJ‐1, SOX‐2 MAP‐2, PSD93, NeuN, TRA‐1‐81, GFAP, TAU, and MBP) shows functional improvements in the CBGH‐GNSCs group. Further, GABA and glutamine level demonstrates the new synaptic vesicle formation. Hence, the CBGH scaffold enhances GNSCs transplants to restore the injured spinal tissue.