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Vaccines for colorectal cancer: an update
Author(s) -
Sarvizadeh Mostafa,
Ghasemi Faezeh,
Tavakoli Fatemeh,
Sadat Khatami Sara,
Razi Ebrahim,
Sharifi Hossein,
Biouki Nousin Moussavi,
Taghizadeh Mohsen
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.28179
Subject(s) - colorectal cancer , medicine , cancer , immunotherapy , immune system , metastasis , vaccination , immunology , oncology , cancer vaccine , radiation therapy , adoptive cell transfer , immune checkpoint , cancer research , t cell
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the third most common and fourth leading cancer associated death worldwide. The occurrence of metastasis has remained as a critical challenge in CRC, so that distant metastasis (mostly to the liver) has been manifested in about 20%‐25% of patients. Several screening approaches have introduced for detecting CRC in different stages particularly in early stages. The standard treatments for CRC are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in alone or combination. Immunotherapy is a set of novel approaches with the aim of remodeling the immune system battle with metastatic cancer cells, such as immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (immune checkpoint inhibitors), adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and cancer vaccine. Cancer vaccines are designed to trigger the intense response of immune system to tumor‐specific antigens. In two last decades, introduction of new cancer vaccines and designing several clinical trials with vaccine therapy, have been taken into consideration in colon cancer patients. This review will describe the treatment approaches with the special attention to vaccines applied to treat colorectal cancer.