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Correlation between HDAC4 enhancer DNA methylation and mRNA expression during palatal fusion induced by all‐trans retinoic acid
Author(s) -
Shu Xuan,
Cheng Hongqiu,
Shu Shenyou,
Tang Shijie,
Li Ke,
Dong Zejun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.27320
Subject(s) - enhancer , retinoic acid , dna methylation , microbiology and biotechnology , correlation , chemistry , biology , gene expression , genetics , gene , geometry , mathematics
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation of the medial edge epithelium is the most crucial process in embryonic palatal fusion. This study aimed to explore the relationship and potential mechanism between enhancer DNA methylation and mRNA expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) during palatal fusion induced by maternal exposure to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Pregnant mice were administered ATRA (70 mg/kg) by gavage at embryonic gestation day 10.5 (E10.5) to establish a cleft palate (CP) model in C57BL/6J mice. Control groups were given an equivalent volume of corn oil. Pregnant mice were dissected at E14.5 (n = 6) to obtain embryonic palates. HDAC4 enhancer DNA methylation data were obtained from a previous MethylRAD‐seq. Methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and real‐time quantitative PCR were used to quantify enhancer methylation and the mRNA expression level of HDAC4. Enhancer DNA methylation at a non‐CpG site within the HDAC4 gene was hyper‐methylated at E14.5 ( P : 0.011, log 2 FC:1.67). The MSP results indicated a similar trend, in agreement with the MethylRAD‐seq results. The change in the HDAC4 expression level was negatively correlated with its enhancer DNA methylation level, at the non‐CpG site, during palatal fusion induced by ATRA. Enhancer DNA methylation of HDAC4 might play an important regulatory role during palatogenesis, especially in embryonic palatal fusion at E 14.5, and may facilitate the development of novel epigenetic biomarkers in the treatment of CP.