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The extracellular vesicles‐derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: A new therapeutic option in regenerative medicine
Author(s) -
Nooshabadi Vajihe Taghdiri,
Mardpour Soura,
YousefiAhmadipour Aliakbar,
Allahverdi Amir,
Izadpanah Mehrnaz,
Daneshimehr Fatemeh,
Ai Jafar,
Banafshe Hamid R.,
EbrahimiBarough Somayeh
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.26726
Subject(s) - paracrine signalling , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , regenerative medicine , microvesicles , homing (biology) , reprogramming , exosome , stem cell , stromal cell , biology , extracellular vesicle , cell therapy , cell , cancer research , microrna , biochemistry , ecology , receptor , gene
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that due to their ability to homing to damaged tissues and differentiate into specialized cells, are remarkable cells in the field of regenerative medicine. It's suggested that the predominant mechanism of MSCs in tissue repair might be related to their paracrine activity. The utilization of MSCs for tissue repair is initially based on the differentiation ability of these cells; however now it has been revealed that only a small fraction of the transplanted MSCs actually fuse and survive in host tissues. Indeed, MSCs supply the microenvironment with the secretion of soluble trophic factors, survival signals and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosome. Also, the paracrine activity of EVs could mediate the cellular communication to induce cell‐differentiation/self‐renewal. Recent findings suggest that EVs released by MSCs may also be critical in the physiological function of these cells. This review provides an overview of MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles as a hopeful opportunity to advance novel cell‐free therapy strategies that might prevail over the obstacles and risks associated with the use of native or engineered stem cells. EVs are very stable; they can pass the biological barriers without rejection and can shuttle bioactive molecules from one cell to another, causing the exchange of genetic information and reprogramming of the recipient cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles may provide therapeutic cargo for a wide range of diseases and cancer therapy.