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The Diadenosine Homodinucleotide P18 Improves In Vitro Myelination in Experimental Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Type 1A
Author(s) -
Nobbio Lucilla,
Visigalli Davide,
Mannino Elena,
Fiorese Fulvia,
Kassack Matthias U.,
Sturla Laura,
Prada Valeria,
De Flora Antonio,
Zocchi Elena,
Bruzzone Santina,
Sche Angelo
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.24644
Subject(s) - in vitro , intracellular , antagonist , purinergic receptor , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , endocrinology , receptor , biology , biochemistry
ABSTRACT Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A (CMT1A) is a demyelinating hereditary neuropathy whose pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly defined and an etiologic treatment is not yet available. An abnormally high intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) occurs in Schwann cells from CMT1A rats (CMT1A SC) and is caused by overexpression of the purinoceptor P2X7. Normalization of the Ca 2+ levels through down‐regulation of P2X7 appears to restore the normal phenotype of CMT1A SC in vitro. We recently demonstrated that the diadenosine 5′,5′′′‐P1, P2‐diphosphate (Ap2A) isomer P18 behaves as an antagonist of the P2X7 purinergic receptor, effectively blocking channel opening induced by ATP. In addition, P18 behaves as a P2Y11 agonist, inducing cAMP overproduction in P2Y11‐overexpressing cells. Here we investigated the in vitro effects of P18 on CMT1A SC. We observed that basal levels of intracellular cAMP ([cAMP] i ), a known regulator of SC differentiation and myelination, are significantly lower in CMT1A SC than in wild‐type (wt) cells. P18 increased [cAMP] i in both CMT1A and wt SC, and this effects was blunted by NF157, a specific P2Y11 antagonist. Prolonged treatment of organotypic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures with P18 significantly increased expression of myelin protein zero, a marker of myelin production, in both CMT1A and wt cultures. Interestingly, P18 decreased the content of non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments, a marker of axonal damage, only in CMT1A DRG cultures. These results suggest that P2X7 antagonists, in combination with [cAMP] i ‐increasing agents, could represent a therapeutic strategy aimed at correcting the molecular derangements causing the CMT1A phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 161–167, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.