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Natural history of early bladder cancer
Author(s) -
Bostwick David G.
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.240501307
Subject(s) - grading (engineering) , carcinoma in situ , medicine , natural history , papillary carcinoma , carcinoma , lesion , pathology , biology , thyroid carcinoma , ecology , thyroid
Non‐invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) occurs as two distinct growth patterns, papillary and non‐papillary (flat), which display significant differences in biologic potential. Papillary carcinoma usually presents as a low‐grade lesion which frequently recurs multiple times prior to invasion; conversely, non‐papillary (flat) carcinoma in situ is usually high‐grade at presentation (carcinoma in situ ) and frequently associated with invasion. These lesions may occur together, although papillary cancer is more easily visualized cystoscopically due to its exophytic growth; flat carcinoma in situ is often vystoscopically invisible. This report reviews existing data concerning the prognostic value of pathologic grading and staging of non‐invasive and early invasive TCC. Emphasis is placed on those studies reporting surgical treatment rather than other forms of treatment. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.