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Resolution of inflammation by N ‐arachidonoylglycine
Author(s) -
Burstein Sumner H.,
McQuain Catherine A.,
Ross Alonzo H.,
Salmonsen Rebecca A.,
Zurier Robert E.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.23245
Subject(s) - gpr18 , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , lipid signaling , chemistry , receptor , programmed cell death , lipoxin , hek 293 cells , biology , apoptosis , biochemistry , cannabinoid receptor , immunology , agonist
N ‐arachidonoylglycine (NAgly) is an endogenous signaling lipid that is a member of the eicosanoid super family and is related to anandamide. It shows anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo in the mouse peritonitis model where it reduces migration of inflammatory leukocytes following injection of pro‐inflammatory agents into the peritoneal cavity. Using cell culture models, including GPR18 transfected HEK‐293 cells, evidence is presented that the orphan receptor GPR18 is involved in this action. Increases in free arachidonic acid, and robust stimulation of anti‐inflammatory eicosanoids were observed at low micromolar concentrations. These included 15‐deoxy‐delta‐13,14‐PGJ 2 and lipoxin A 4 both of which are believed to mediate the resolution stage of inflammation. It was further shown that NAgly might act via GPR18 activation in promoting the number of Trypan Blue stained cells, a possible indicator of programmed cell death. Thus, we hypothesize that NAgly induces the death of inflammatory cells, a process that is considered to be important for the resolution of inflammation. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3227–3233, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.