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Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells: Agents of immune modulation
Author(s) -
English Karen,
Mahon Bernard P.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.23119
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , immune system , stem cell , innate immune system , regenerative medicine , biology , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , stromal cell , immunity , cell , neuroscience , cancer research , genetics
Adult mesenchymal stem cells possess a remarkably diverse array of immunosuppressive characteristics. The capacity to suppress the regular processes of allogeneic rejection, have allowed the use of tissue mismatched cells as therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine and as agents of immune deviation. This review describes recent advances in understanding the mechanistic basis of mesenchymal stromal or stem cells (MSC) interaction with innate immunity. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of Toll‐like receptor signalling on MSC and a hypothesis that innate immune signals induce a ‘licensing switch’ in MSC is put forward. The mechanisms underlying MSC suppression of T cell responses and induction of regulatory populations are surveyed. Conflicting data regarding the influence of MSC on B cell function are outlined and discussed. Finally the limits to MSC mediated immune modulation are discussed with reference to the future clinical application of novel cell therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1963–1968, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.