Premium
Effects of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors on adipogenesis and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha levels under normoxic conditions
Author(s) -
Floyd Z. Elizabeth,
Kilroy Gail,
Wu Xiying,
Gimble Jeffrey M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.21266
Subject(s) - adipogenesis , chemistry , hypoxia inducible factors , alpha (finance) , hypoxia (environmental) , endocrinology , medicine , biochemistry , biology , in vitro , oxygen , gene , construct validity , nursing , organic chemistry , patient satisfaction
Adipocyte function is highly regulated in response to changing oxygen levels and physiological regulation of adipocyte formation involves factors originally identified as hypoxia‐responsive proteins. Inhibition of adipogenesis at low oxygen tension is associated with activation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), a transcription factor essential for cellular responses to decreased oxygen levels whose activity is regulated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes. However, HIF‐1α RNA expression has been detected during the initial stages of adipocyte formation under aerobic conditions, suggesting a physiological role for HIF‐1α during adipogenesis under a range of oxygen levels. Here we investigated the expression of HIF‐1α during adipogenesis using the murine 3T3‐L1 adipocyte model. Our results indicate the tissue‐specific form of HIF‐1α is upregulated during adipogenesis with maximal levels obtained within the first 24 h after induction. The increase in HIF‐1α l.1 gene expression corresponds to increased nuclear HIF‐1α protein, which gradually declines throughout adipogenesis under aerobic conditions. Each of the three HIF prolyl hydroxylases involved in regulating HIF‐1α stability is expressed during adipogenesis. The prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 (PHD1) isoform of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases is expressed in early adipogenesis and the PHD2 and PHD3 isoforms are expressed during late adipogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of PHD activity during the initial stages of adipogenesis abrogates the formation of adipocytes and inhibits gene expression of each of the PHD. However, inhibition of PHD activity does not consistently regulate HIF‐1α l.1 expression or HIF‐1α protein levels, suggesting that hydroxylation‐independent mechanisms are involved in regulating HIF‐1α expression in adipocytes under aerobic conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1545–1557, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.