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Modeled gravitational unloading induced downregulation of endothelin‐1 in human endothelial cells
Author(s) -
Infanger Manfred,
Ulbrich Claudia,
Baatout Sarah,
Wehland Markus,
Kreutz Reinhold,
Bauer Johann,
Grosse Jirka,
Vadrucci Sonia,
Cogoli Augusto,
Derradji Hanane,
Neefs Mieke,
Küsters Sabine,
Spain Mike,
Paul Martin,
Grimm Daniela
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.21261
Subject(s) - clinostat , downregulation and upregulation , osteopontin , endothelin 1 , endothelium , vascular endothelial growth factor , apoptosis , endothelin receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , biology , gene , vegf receptors , biochemistry , receptor
Many space missions have shown that prolonged space flights may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Using a three‐dimensional clinostat, we investigated human endothelial EA.hy926 cells up to 10 days under conditions of simulated microgravity (µg) to distinguish transient from long‐term effects of µg and 1g. Maximum expression of all selected genes occurred after 10 min of clinorotation. Gene expression (osteopontin, Fas, TGF‐β 1 ) declined to slightly upregulated levels or rose again (caspase‐3) after the fourth day of clinorotation. Caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 protein content was enhanced for 10 days of microgravity. In addition, long‐term accumulation of collagen type I and III and alterations of the cytoskeletal alpha‐ and beta‐tubulins and F‐actin were detectable. A significantly reduced release of soluble factors in simulated microgravity was measured for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interestingly for endothelin‐1, which is important in keeping cardiovascular balances. The gene expression of endothelin‐1 was suppressed under µg conditions at days 7 and 10. Alterations of the vascular endothelium together with a decreased release of endothelin‐1 may entail post‐flight health hazards for astronauts. J. Cell. Biochem. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1439–1455, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.