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Viral appropriation of apoptotic and NF‐κB signaling pathways
Author(s) -
Bowie Andrew G.,
Zhan Jun,
Marshall William L.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of cellular biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1097-4644
pISSN - 0730-2312
DOI - 10.1002/jcb.20026
Subject(s) - biology , lytic cycle , immune system , innate immune system , signal transduction , viral replication , microbiology and biotechnology , virology , classical complement pathway , virus , acquired immune system , genetics , complement system
Abstract Viruses utilize a variety of strategies to evade the host immune response and replicate in the cells they infect. The comparatively large genomes of the Orthopoxviruses and gammaherpesviruses encode several immunomodulatory proteins that are homologous to component of the innate immune system of host cells, which are reviewed here. However, the viral mechanisms used to survive host responses are quite distinct between these two virus families. Poxviruses undergo continuous lytic replication in the host cytoplasm while expressing many genes that inhibit innate immune responses. In contrast, herpesviruses persist in a latent state during much of their lifecycle while expressing only a limited number of relatively non‐immunogenic viral proteins, thereby avoiding the adaptive immune response. Poxviruses suppress, whereas latent gammaherpesviruses activate, signaling by NF‐κB, yet both viruses target similar host signaling pathways to suppress the apoptotic response. Here, modulation of apoptotic and NF‐κB signal transduction pathways are examined as examples of common pathways appropriated in contrasting ways by herpesviruses and poxviruses. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.