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Twenty‐First‐Century Counseling Theory Development in Relation to Definitions of Free Will and Determinism
Author(s) -
Wilks Duffy
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of counseling and development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1556-6676
pISSN - 0748-9633
DOI - 10.1002/jcad.12194
Subject(s) - determinism , free will , technological determinism , epistemology , relation (database) , continuation , indeterminate , psychology , computer science , philosophy , mathematics , database , pure mathematics , programming language
This article is a continuation of Wilks's ([Wilks, D., 2003]) review of the development of counseling theory in relation to definitions of free will and determinism. The original review showed that theoretical synthesis was in part achieved when causal events inherent in absolute determinism were incorporated into a soft self‐determinist process. This review traces three 21st‐century challenges to self‐determinism and provides evidence supporting the inclusion of both self‐determinism and indeterminate free will in a single but asymmetrical causal model.