The effect of a repeated immunoadsorption in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after recurrence of severe heart failure symptoms

Background : In patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), immunoadsorption with subsequent IgG substitution (IA/IgG) leads to an acute and prolonged improvement of hemodynamics and heart failure symptoms. However, some patients receiving IA/IgG experience recurrence of heart failure after an initial benefit. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a second IA/IgG treatment episode improves left ventricular systolic function and further mitigates heart failure symptoms in these patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 15 DCM patients who experienced a significant improvement of LVEF (≥ 5% absolute or ≥ 20% relative) and heart failure symptoms (≥ 1 NYHA functional class) but a subsequent deterioration (decline in LVEF ≥ 5% absolute or ≥ 20% relative and NYHA worsening ≥1 class) after the first IA/IgG. These patients underwent a second IA/IgG treatment 41.7 ± 27.4 months after the first cycle. Follow up data were acquired 3–6 months after both IA/IgG treatments. Results : The first IA/IgG induced an improvement of LVEF from 33 ± 6.4% to 43.2 ± 7.9% ( P  < 0.001) and of mean NYHA functional class from 2.9 ± 0.26 to 1.8 ± 0.56 ( P  < 0.001). The second treatment was associated with a significant improvement in LVEF (from 29.7 ± 4.6% to 34.9 ± 8.3%, P  = 0.013) and NYHA functional class (2.87 ± 0.64 to 2.33 ± 0.72; P  = 0.02). This improvement was less pronounced compared to the first treatment with respect to both, LVEF ( P  = 0.09) and NYHA improvement ( P  = 0.04). Conclusion: In DCM patients, who experience a significant improvement of LVEF and heart failure symptoms after IA/IgG but a subsequent relapse during follow up, repeated IA/IgG may be considered. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:217–223, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.