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[6]‐Gingerol–induced cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species generation, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential are associated with apoptosis in human gastric cancer (AGS) cells
Author(s) -
Mansingh Debjani P.,
O. J. Sunanda,
Sali Veeresh Kumar,
Vasanthi Hannah R.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.526
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-0461
pISSN - 1095-6670
DOI - 10.1002/jbt.22206
Subject(s) - reactive oxygen species , apoptosis , acridine orange , cancer cell , chemistry , mitochondrion , gingerol , ethidium bromide , inner mitochondrial membrane , annexin , membrane potential , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , cancer , dna , chromatography , genetics
Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ), a monocotyledonous herb, is widely used as an herbal medicine owing to the phytoconstituents it possesses. In the current study, the quantity of [6]‐gingerol, the major phenolic ketone, in the fresh ginger and dried ginger rhizome was found to be 6.11 µg/mg and 0.407 µg/mg. Furthermore, [6]‐gingerol was assessed for its antiapoptotic effects in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique and Annexin‐V assay. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation led to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and subsequent induction of apoptosis. Results disclose that perturbations in MMP are associated with deregulation of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio at protein level, which leads to upregulation of cytochrome‐c triggering the caspase cascade. These enduringly suggest that [6]‐gingerol can be effectively used for targeting the mitochondrial energy metabolism to manage gastric cancer cells.