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Antihyperlipidemic activity of 3‐hydroxymethyl xylitol, a novel antidiabetic compound isolated from Casearia esculenta (Roxb.) root, in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Author(s) -
Chandramohan Govindasamy,
AlNumair Khalid S.,
Sridevi Muruhan,
Pugalendi Kodukkur Viswanathan
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.526
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-0461
pISSN - 1095-6670
DOI - 10.1002/jbt.20317
Subject(s) - streptozotocin , chemistry , medicine , endocrinology , cholesterol , very low density lipoprotein , triglyceride , glibenclamide , diabetes mellitus , high density lipoprotein , phospholipid , lipoprotein , biochemistry , membrane
Abstract Casearia esculenta root (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3‐hydroxymethyl xylitol (3‐HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long‐term effect of 3‐HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on carbohydrate metabolism was investigated, and its antihyperglycemic effect was shown previously (Chandramohan et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2008;590:437–443). In this study we investigated the effect of 3‐HMX on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180–200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. The normal and diabetic rats were treated with 3‐HMX (40 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were assayed in the plasma besides lipoprotein‐cholesterol (high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), and very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (VLDL‐C)) and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid (LDL‐C and VLDL‐C in plasma only) levels increased in plasma and tissues significantly, whereas plasma HDL‐C significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with 3‐HMX or glibenclamide reversed the above‐mentioned changes and improved toward normalcy. Histological study of liver also confirmed the biochemical findings. Thus administration of 3‐HMX is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia related to the risk of diabetes mellitus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:95–101, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20317