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Microarray analysis of gene expression in murine skin exposed to sulfur mustard
Author(s) -
Rogers James V.,
Choi Young W.,
Kiser Robyn C.,
Babin Michael C.,
Casillas Robert P.,
Schlager John J.,
Sabourin Carol L. K.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.526
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-0461
pISSN - 1095-6670
DOI - 10.1002/jbt.20043
Subject(s) - sulfur mustard , microarray , gene expression , gene , microarray analysis techniques , complementary dna , dna microarray , microbiology and biotechnology , fold change , inflammation , gene expression profiling , biology , andrology , immunology , toxicity , medicine , biochemistry
The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard [bis‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐sulfide; SM] produces a delayed inflammatory response followed by blister formation in skin of exposed individuals. Studies are underway evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological compounds to protect against SM skin injury. Microarray analysis provides the opportunity to identify multiple transcriptional biomarkers associated with SM exposure. This study examined SM‐induced changes in gene expression in skin from mice cutaneously exposed to SM using cDNA microarrays. Ear skin from five mice, paired as SM‐exposed right ear and dichloromethane vehicle‐exposed left ear at six dose levels (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg; 6 mM to 195 mM range), was harvested at 24 h post‐exposure. SM‐induced gene expression was analyzed using cDNA microarrays that included 1,176 genes. Genes were selected on the basis of all mice ( N = 5) in the same dose group demonstrating a ≥2‐fold increase or decrease in gene expression for the SM‐exposed tissue compared to the dichloromethane vehicle control ear tissue at all six SM doses. When skin exposed to all six concentrations of SM was compared to controls, a total of 19 genes within apoptosis, transcription factors, cell cycle, inflammation, and oncogenes and tumor suppressors categories were found to be upregulated; no genes were observed to be downregulated. Differences in the number and category of genes that were up‐ or down‐regulated in skin exposed to low (0.005–0.01 mg) and high (0.08–0.16 mg) doses of SM were also observed. The results of this study provide a further understanding of the molecular responses to cutaneous SM exposure, and enable the identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for treating SM injury. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:289–299, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20043