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Role of astrocytes in trimethyltin neurotoxicity
Author(s) -
Gunasekar Palur G.,
Mickova Vera,
Kotyzova Dana,
Li Li,
Borowitz Joseph L.,
Eybl Vladislav,
Isom Gary E.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.526
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-0461
pISSN - 1095-6670
DOI - 10.1002/jbt.10004
Subject(s) - neurotoxicity , oxidative stress , astrocyte , chemistry , lipid peroxidation , glutathione , neuroglia , neuroscience , neurodegeneration , pharmacology , biology , biochemistry , central nervous system , toxicity , medicine , disease , organic chemistry , enzyme
Although the neurotoxicity of trimethyltin (TMT) is well known, mechanisms are still not clear. Glia have been proposed to mediate the toxic action of TMT on nerve cells. Accordingly, the effects of TMT were tested in primary neuronal cultures from rat cerebellum and compared to effects in astrocytes and mixed cultures. Neuronal damage observed following TMT exposure was less in the presence of astrocytes and astrocytes alone were resistant to TMT. Thus, astrocytes have a protective effect against TMT‐induced neurotoxicity. TMT caused an oxidative stress in granule cell cultures involving a variety of oxidative species ((O 2 ) •− , H 2 O 2 , NO), but astrocytes were less sensitive to TMT‐induced oxidative species generation. Antioxidants, glutathione and 7‐nitroindazole attenuated neuronal cell death induced by TMT. It appears that oxidative stress mediates a large part of the destructive action of TMT in neuronal cultures. The presence of astrocytes appears to modulate TMT‐induced oxidative stress so that TMT causes only a small increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse brain after systemic administration. Thus, TMT induces a pronounced oxidative stress in cultured neurons, but when astrocytes are present, oxidative species play a lesser role in the neurotoxic action of TMT. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:256–262, 2001