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Effects of aluminum on bone surface ion composition
Author(s) -
Bushinsky David A.,
Sprague Stuart M.,
Hallegot Philippe,
Girod Chantal,
Chabala Jan M.,
LeviSetti Riccardo
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1002/jbmr.5650101219
Subject(s) - calcium , chemistry , dissolution , ion , resorption , bone mineral , aluminium , analytical chemistry (journal) , nuclear chemistry , mineralogy , endocrinology , osteoporosis , chromatography , medicine , organic chemistry
Aluminum induces net calcium efflux from cultured bone. To determine whether aluminum alters the bone surface ion composition in a manner consistent with predominantly cell‐mediated resorption, a combination of cell‐mediated resorption and physicochemical dissolution or physicochemical dissolution alone, we utilized an analytic high‐resolution scanning ion microprobe with secondary ion mass spectroscopy to determine the effects of aluminum on bone surface ion composition. We cultured neonatal mouse calvariae with or without aluminum (10 −7 M) for 24 h and determined the relative ion concentrations of 23 Na, 27 AI, 39 K, and 40 Ca on the bone surface and eroded subsurface. Control calvariae have a surface (depth ∼6 nm) that is rich in Na and K compared with Ca (Na/Ca = 24.4 + 1.4, mean + 95% confidence limit of counts per second of detected secondary ions, K/Ca = 13.2 + 0.9). Aluminum is incorporated into the bone and causes a depletion of surface Na and K relative to Ca (Na/Ca = 9.6 + 0.7, K/Ca = 4.9 + 0.4; each p < 0.001 versus control). After erosion (depth ∼50 nm), control calvariae have more Na and K than Ca (Na/Ca = 16.0 + 0.1, K/Ca = 7.5 + 0.1); aluminum again depleted Na and K relative to Ca (Na/Ca = 4.1 + 0.1, K/Ca = 1.9 + 0.1; each p < 0.001 versus control). Aluminum produced a greater net efflux of Ca (362 ± 53, mean ± SE, nmol/bone/24 h) than control (60 ± 30, p < 0.001). With aluminum, the fall in the ratios of both Na/Ca and K/Ca coupled with net Ca release from bone indicates that aluminum induces a greater efflux of Na and K than Ca from the bone surface and is consistent with an aluminum‐induced removal of the bone surface. This alteration in surface ion concentration and calcium efflux is consistent with that observed when calcium is lost from bone through a combination of cell‐mediated resorption and physicochemical dissolution.