Premium
Effects of retinoic acid on the activation and fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages induced by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3
Author(s) -
Miyaura Chisato,
Segawa Akihisa,
Nagasawa Hiroshi,
Abe Etsuko,
Suda Tatsuo
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1002/jbmr.5650010409
Subject(s) - retinoic acid , cytotoxicity , alpha (finance) , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , tretinoin , biochemistry , biology , medicine , in vitro , gene , construct validity , nursing , patient satisfaction
1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] directly induces both fusion and cytotoxicity in murine alveolar macrophages. Unlike 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 , retinoic acid per se did not induce fusion of alveolar macrophages, but it greatly enhanced the 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ‐induced fusion every time the macrophages were treated simultaneously with the two vitamins. The giant cells induced by the two vitamins were much larger than those induced by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 alone. The macrophages treated with 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 started to fuse 36 h after the addition of the vitamin, whereas the macrophages pretreated with retinoic acid for 24 h began to fuse immediately after 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 was added. 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 and retinoic acid activated alveolar macrophages similarly, measured by the enhancement of glucose consumption and the induction of cytotoxicity against tumor cells, though 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 was 100 times more potent than retinoic acid on a molar basis. Simultaneous treatment with physiological concentrations of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 (0.12 n M ) and retinoic acid (10 n M ) induced cytotoxicity additively. Morphological examinations revealed that the treated cells were enlarged and flattened with numerous filopodia. These results clearly indicate that both 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 and retinoic acid similarly activate alveolar macrophages, and the activated state is prerequisite to the fusion of macrophages induced by 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 .