Post–hip fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D or vitamin D supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs is associated with lower mortality: A nationwide study in Finland

We previously found a positive association between calcium plus vitamin D and antiosteoporotic drugs and survival among hip fracture patients. Our aim was to verify this observation using a nationwide database. A retrospective cohort of home‐discharged hip fracture patients aged 50 years or older ( n  = 23,615) was enrolled from the national database. Primary exposure was medical treatment for osteoporosis, and the outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cumulative mortalities were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier estimator. The relationship between mortality and medication purchases was modeled using Cox's proportional hazards regression with time‐dependent covariates for medication use. One in 4 women and 1 in 10 men with a hip fracture were treated for osteoporosis in Finland. Unadjusted 1‐year mortality was lower among patients who purchased calcium plus vitamin D or vitamin D supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs than among those who did not purchase these medications [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.81]. The difference in unadjusted cumulative mortality remained in favor of the drug users for at least 5 years. Among men, the use of calcium plus vitamin D or vitamin D supplements was associated with lower 1‐year mortality even after adjustments for observed confounders (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.97). Among women, the use of antiosteoporotic drugs was associated with lower mortality (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.93). There was a tendency to even better survival in both genders if calcium plus vitamin D or vitamin D supplements and antiosteoporotic drugs were used simultaneously, the HR being 0.72 (95% CI 0.50–1.03) in men and 0.62 (95% CI 0.50–0.76) in women. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research