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Effect of Combination Folic Acid, Vitamin B 6 , and Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Fracture Risk in Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Author(s) -
Stone Katie L,
Lui LiYung,
Christen William G,
Troen Aron M,
Bauer Douglas C,
Kado Deborah,
Schambach Christopher,
Cummings Steven R,
Manson JoAnn E
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of bone and mineral research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.882
H-Index - 241
eISSN - 1523-4681
pISSN - 0884-0431
DOI - 10.1002/jbmr.3229
Subject(s) - medicine , folic acid , randomized controlled trial , vitamin , b vitamins , vitamin b , endocrinology , gastroenterology
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association of elevated plasma homocysteine levels with greater bone resorption and fracture risk. Vitamins B 12 , B 6 , and folic acid are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and supplementation with B vitamins is effective in lowering homocysteine levels in humans. However, randomized trials of supplemental B vitamins for reduction of fracture risk have been limited. Therefore, we performed an ancillary study to the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS), a large randomized trial of women with preexisting cardiovascular disease or three or more coronary risk factors, to test whether a daily B vitamin intervention including folic acid (2.5 mg/day), vitamin B 6 (50 mg/day), and vitamin B 12 (1 mg/day) reduces nonspine fracture risk over 7.3 years of treatment and follow‐up. Among 4810 women, we confirmed 349 nonspine fracture cases by centralized review of medical records. In a substudy of 300 women (150 in treatment group and 150 controls) with paired plasma samples at randomization and follow‐up (7.3 years later), we measured two bone turnover markers, including C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and intact type I procollagen N‐propeptide (P1NP). In Cox proportional hazards models based on intention‐to‐treat, we found no significant effects of B vitamin supplementation on nonspine fracture risk (relative hazard = 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.34). In a nested case‐cohort analysis, there were no significant effects of B vitamins on fracture risk among women with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, or low levels of vitamins B 12 or B 6 , or folate at baseline. Furthermore, treatment with B vitamins had no effect on change in markers of bone turnover. We found no evidence that daily supplementation with B vitamins reduces fracture risk or rates of bone metabolism in middle‐aged and older women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.