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Bioinspired antibacterial surface for orthopedic and dental implants
Author(s) -
Elliott Drew T.,
Wiggins Russell J.,
Dua Rupak
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.34762
Subject(s) - biocompatibility , orthopedic surgery , dentistry , coating , titanium , materials science , surface roughness , dental implant , biomedical engineering , medicine , implant , composite material , surgery , metallurgy
Bacterial infections still present a significant concern in orthopedic and dental implant failure. Previous investigations have focused on modifying the surface texture, roughness, or coating implants with antibiotics to provide enhanced anti‐bacterial properties. However, they have demonstrated limited success. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nano level using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) inspired by cicada's wing structure. Two modified surfaces of Ti plates were developed using 4 and 8‐hr AHT at 230°C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, with little artifacts on the surface. In contrast, 4‐hr AHT and 8‐hr AHT plates showed nano‐spikes of heights around 250–350 and 100–1,250 nm, respectively, that were distributed randomly all over the surface. We found a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) number of non‐viable cells for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains when incubated for 1 hr in a dynamic environment when compared with the control group. The 8‐hr AHT groups killed 38.97% more S. aureus in static culture and 11.27% in a dynamic environment than the 4‐hr AHT. Overall, the findings indicate that the nanostructures generated on titanium by the AHT showed significant bactericidal properties. We, therefore, recommend conducting alkaline hydrothermal treatment on the surfaces for future orthopedic and dental metallic implants.