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Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress in arthroplasty
Author(s) -
Hameister Rita,
Kaur Charanjit,
Dheen Shaikali Thameem,
Lohmann Christoph H.,
Singh Gurpal
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.34546
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , implant , reactive oxygen species , materials science , reactive nitrogen species , implant failure , osteolysis , biomedical engineering , biology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , dentistry , surgery , biochemistry
The interplay between implant design, biomaterial characteristics, and the local microenvironment adjacent to the implant is of utmost importance for implant performance and success of the joint replacement surgery. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are among the various factors affecting the host as well as the implant components. Excessive formation of ROS and RNS can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is known to damage cells and tissues and also to affect signaling pathways. It may further compromise implant longevity by accelerating implant degradation, primarily through activation of inflammatory cells. In addition, wear products of metallic, ceramic, polyethylene, or bone cement origin may also generate oxidative stress themselves. This review outlines the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in arthroplasty and provides a conceptual framework on its implications for soft tissue remodeling and bone resorption (osteolysis) as well as implant longevity. Key findings derived from cell culture studies, animal models, and patients' samples are presented. Strategies to control oxidative stress by implant design and antioxidants are explored and areas of controversy and challenges are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are identified. A better understanding of the host‐implant interplay and the role of free radicals and oxidative stress will help to evaluate therapeutic approaches and will ultimately improve implant performance in arthroplasty.