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Oroactive dental biomaterials and their use in endodontic therapy
Author(s) -
Patel Ebrahim,
Pradeep Priyamvada,
Kumar Pradeep,
Choonara Yahya E.,
Pillay Viness
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.34379
Subject(s) - materials science , endodontic therapy , root canal , calcium hydroxide , sodium hypochlorite , dentistry , endodontics , antimicrobial , hard tissue , biomedical engineering , nanotechnology , medicine , chemical engineering , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering
Dental biomaterials have revolutionized modern therapies. Untreated dental caries remains the major etiological factor for endodontic treatment, and together with a decreasing rate of tooth loss escalates the importance of continuously improving the materials used for endodontic therapies. Endodontic biomaterials are used for vital pulp therapies, irrigation, intracanal medicaments, obturation and regenerative procedures. These materials offer several functions including: antimicrobial activity, mechanical reinforcement, aesthetics, and therapeutic effects. Vital pulp therapies have seen an improvement in clinical results with an incremental approach to build on the strengths of past materials such as calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates. While sodium hypochlorite remains the gold standard for canal irrigation, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed to promote sustained antimicrobial action. Gutta‐percha based bulk fillers remain the most common materials for root filling. However, while multiple studies focus on the development of novel formulations containing drugs, glass derivatives or ionic‐, polymeric‐, or drug‐ loaded nanoparticles, a lack of reliable and long‐term clinical evidence obligates further study as experienced clinicians prefer to use what has worked for decades. This review delves in to the biochemistry of the materials to scrutinize their shortcomings, and where opportunity lies to further enhance their efficacy in endodontic practice. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:201–212, 2020.