Premium
Ionic cobalt but not metal particles induces ROS generation in immune cells in vitro
Author(s) -
Chamaon Kathrin,
Schönfeld Peter,
Awiszus Friedemann,
Bertrand Jessica,
Lohmann Christoph H.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.34217
Subject(s) - cobalt , superoxide , reactive oxygen species , chemistry , biophysics , trypan blue , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase , tunel assay , in vitro , apoptosis , biochemistry , inorganic chemistry , biology , enzyme
Total joint replacement is one of the most successful procedures in orthopedic surgery today. However, metal implant materials undergo wear and corrosion processes. Generated particles and ions can cause a variety of cellular reactions. Cobalt‐containing alloys are used frequently in implant materials. Some studies suggest that cobalt exhibits potential cytotoxic effects, for example, via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To further elucidate the effects of cobalt on human cells, we determined cell viability and cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide formation after incubation of either ions or particles with different cells. MM‐6 and Jurkat cell lines were treated for 24, 48 and 72 h with either CoCrMo particles or cobalt ions (supplied as CoCl 2 ). A total of 24 h exposure of both forms of cobalt did not induce cell death using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL) and trypan blue assay. Interestingly, the formation of superoxide (O 2 .− ) is evoked mainly by ionic CoCl 2 but not cobalt particles. Cobalt alloy particles are likely to even suppress O 2 .− formation in mitochondria in both used cell lines. Furthermore, we did not observe any effect of cobalt particles on O 2 .− formation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. We also found that the O 2 − formation by CoCl 2 within mitochondria is a generalized effect for all cell types used, while the formation of superoxide in cytosolic compartment is cell‐type dependent. In summary, our data suggest that cobalt ions specifically induce the formation of O 2 .− , whereas the cobalt particles were better tolerated. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1246–1253, 2019.