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Substitutional limit of gadolinium in β ‐tricalcium phosphate and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics
Author(s) -
Meenambal Rugmani,
Poojar Pavan,
Geethanath Sairam,
Kannan S.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33775
Subject(s) - gadolinium , nuclear magnetic resonance , paramagnetism , materials science , magnetization , rietveld refinement , magnetic resonance imaging , raman spectroscopy , relaxation (psychology) , spin–lattice relaxation , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , nuclear medicine , crystal structure , crystallography , magnetic field , condensed matter physics , medicine , optics , physics , chromatography , quantum mechanics , metallurgy , radiology
To compensate the limitations of bone tissue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a series of gadolinium (Gd 3+ ) substituted β ‐Tricalcium phosphate [ β ‐TCP, β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ] were developed. All the powders were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of the XRD data and the studies confirmed the Gd 3+ occupancy at Ca 2+ (1), Ca 2+ (2) and Ca 2+ (3) lattice sites of β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2. HR‐TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of particles with diameter about 100 nm. The Gd 3+ doped β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 exhibited non‐toxic behaviour to MG‐63 cells in vitro and the room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed its paramagnetic behaviour. MRI analysis revelas that it shorten both T 1 and T 2 proton relaxation times, thus influencing both r 1 and r 2 relaxivity values that reach 61.97 m M −1 s −1 and 73.35 m M −1 s −1 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2545–2552, 2017.