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Efficient penetration of ceric ammonium nitrate oxidant‐stabilized gamma‐maghemite nanoparticles through the oval and round windows into the rat inner ear as demonstrated by MRI
Author(s) -
Zou Jing,
Ostrovsky Stella,
Israel Liron L.,
Feng Hao,
Kettunen Mikko I.,
Lellouche JeanPaul Moshe,
Pyykkö Ilmari
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33719
Subject(s) - ceric ammonium nitrate , maghemite , nanoparticle , chemistry , penetration (warfare) , inner ear , nitrate , nuclear chemistry , materials science , anatomy , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , biology , polymer , copolymer , operations research , engineering
Abstract We aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast effect and delivery efficiency through the middle ear into the inner ear using novel super‐paramagnetic maghemite (γ‐Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) generated using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)‐mediated oxidation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs (CAN–γ‐Fe 2 O 3 NPs). The CAN–γ‐Fe2O3 NPs, having hydrodynamic diameters of 50–60 nm and potentials of +55.2 mV, displayed super‐paramagnetic behavior characterized by a saturation magnetization Ms of 75.2 emu/g NPs. The r1 and r2* relaxivity (curve slopes) values were 0.0015 and 189 mmol −1 s −1 , respectively, indicating strong T2* relaxation maghemite‐based NPs. The CAN‐γ‐Fe 2 O 3 NPs were stable in the 7.0 T magnetic field. At 3 h after the tympanic medial wall administration, the NPs had significantly located to the cochlea and vestibule. The signal started to recover at 6 h in the ipsilateral cochlea and by 2 d in the vestibule post‐administration. There was no difference in the signal intensity between the left and right ears on the 14th d. Prussian blue staining for iron demonstrated NP distribution in the inner ear tissue. The novel CAN–γ‐Fe 2 O 3 NPs are a strong MRI T2 contrast agent and penetrated the round and oval windows and have potential application in the molecular imaging of the inner ear. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1883–1891, 2017.