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Properties of nanofiller‐loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites for orthopedic applications: a review
Author(s) -
Lewis Gladius
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33643
Subject(s) - materials science , composite material , bone cement , creep , cement , nanoindentation , compressive strength , methyl methacrylate , polymer , monomer
There is a large body of literature on new generations of poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements that address one or more of the material's shortcomings. Among these are cements in which one of the constituents is a nanofiller, such as nano‐sized barium sulfate, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, natural nanoclay, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, or oleic acid‐capped silver nanoparticles. This article is a review of the literature on the properties of these nanofiller‐loaded bone cements (NFLBCs). Some key characteristics of the literature are that (1) in a number of studies, clinically relevant properties were determined, examples being maximum exotherm, setting time, fatigue life, and compressive modulus; (2) in some studies, properties were not determined in accordance with approved bone cement testing specifications, an example being fatigue life; and (3) there are a number of clinically relevant properties that were not determined in any of the studies, examples being fatigue crack propagation rate and dynamic compression creep life. These observations, as well as other considerations, suggest 12 areas for future study, such as determination of dynamic creep compliance (using nanoindentation), determination of compressive fatigue life for cements to be used in vertebral compression fracture augmentation, elucidation of toughening mechanism(s) in each type of NFLBC, and conducting well‐designed clinical trials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1260–1284, 2017.